Letter Coding Decoding

Letter Coding Decoding:

Introduction:

For conveying secret messages from one place tp another , especially in Defence Services, coding is used. The codes are based on various principles/patterns such that the message can be easily be deciphered at the other end. Now-a-days, in certain competitive examinations, such questions are given to judge the candidates intelligence and mental ability. They are required to encode and decode words and sentences after observing the pattern and principles involved. It is always easy to handle numbers than alphabet letters. So, if there is a set of questions on alphabet coding in the exam, it is better to use this table to decipher the code.

Left to Right

To Remember !    

Right to Left

To Remember !       

Series of Opposite Alphabets

Sum of the positional numbers of opposite letters in the alphabet is always 27.

TYPE 1:TYPE 2:

Letter Coding on Specific Pattern

In such questions, letters of alphabets are no doubt allotted artificial values but based on certain specific patterns/priciples. The candidates are required to first observe the specific pattern involved and then prceed with coding or decoding as the case may be.

Example 1  If POSTED is coded as DETSOP, how will be word SPEED be coded?

Solution      A careful observation of the above example will reveal that letters of the first word have been reversed

                     fig. required

                     Similarly,

                    fig. required

Example 2  If A = E, how will you code the following words?

                     (1) BLACK      (2) ACT    (3) BAT     (4) CADRE       (5) LOOT

                     (6) FOOL

Solution      (1) FPEGO     (2) EGX    (3) FEX     (4) GEHVI        (5) PSSX

                     (6) JSSP

Example 3  If CAT is coded as DEBCUV , how will you code RACE ?

SOlution      The pattern of coding is such that each letter has been allotted value of 2 letters following the sequence, i.e. A = BC, B = CD,  C = DE, etc.

Hence, the word RACE will be coded as STBCDEFG

BASED on the above principle, try to code the following.

(1) FATHER      (2) DATED    (3) LATE    (4) FAKES     (5) MAIN     (6) PLANE

Solution    (1) G H B C U V I J F G S T                           (2) E F B C U V F G E F

                   (3) M N B C U V F G                                       (4) G H B C L M F G T U

                   (5) N O B C J K O P                                        (6) Q R M N B C O P F G

Example 4  If EGHJKMKM is the code for FILL, how will you decode the following?

                     (1) QSDFRTSU       (2) SUDFKMKM         (3) EGDFDFKM

                     (4) CENPDFRT       (5) KMNPRTSU         (6) ACDFCERT

Solution      The pattern of coding is such that the sequence follows the letters in between. each pair of letters in the code.

                     Pattern is AC = B, BD= C, CE = D, etc.

                     (1) REST                 (2) TELL                   (3) FEEL

                     (4) DOES                (5) LOST                   (6) BEDS

TYPE 3:

Miscellaneous Types

Decoding the Rule Applied

This part of coding test required a careful examination of rules followd to code a certain word. Only after the analysis of the pattern applied in coding, you can decode them.

Example

Study the five different ways of coding marked (1), (2), (3), (4) & (5). A specific rule has been applied to codify each of them. Can you find out the rule of coding applied in the question that follows.

F R A N C E =       (1) N C E F R A

                                (2) F A C R N E

                                (3) E C N A R F

                                (4) A C E F N R

                                (5) F E R C A N

        WORD                                                       CODE

1. C A N A D A                                                  C N D A A A

2. K E N Y A                                                       K A E Y N

3. N A T I O N S                                                 S N O I T A N

4. V A N D A N A                                                V N  A A A D N

5. V A R D H M A N                                           N A M H D R A V

6. V A R I O U S                                                 A I O R S U V

7. C A R E E R                                                  E E R C A R

8. P O P U L A T I O N                                      P N O O P I U T L A

9. M E D I C I N E                                              M D C N E I I E

10. A P T I T U D E                                            A D E I P T T U

Answers:

1.  ( 2)        2. (5)        3. (3)        4. (2)           5. (3)           6.(4)             7.(1)       8. (5)        9. (2)          10.(4)

Explanations

The rules by which the different pattern of coding is made are as follows.

(1) The former part (FRA) gets transferred after the latter part (NCE). The coding is made in the order given below:

      image required

(2) The pattern is that every letters gets transferred on the adjacent line of the code.

     image required

(3) The sequence is the backward rearrangement of letter.

    image required

(4) The sequence is the rearrangement of letters with respect to the order of regular of alphabets.

    image required

(5) The first and the last letters are made the first two letters in the code the second and the fifth letter are made the third and fourth letters in the code the third and the fourth letters are made the last two letters respectively.

  image required

TYPE 4:

Contrasting and Making Comparisons

A set of words are given in column I and codes have been formed in column II. Here in such questions some alphabets/letter are underline in column I and the corresponding codes in column II has been jumbled up thus making the question more difficult to correspond. To find the formula to decode these type of question some logical rule/priciple is found by comparing or making contracts in all the questions. An example has been given below:

Example

In the following question the capital letters in column I are codified in small letters in column II. The small letters are not arranged in the same order on the capital letters. Study the column (I) and (II) together and determine the small letters for the corresponding underlined capital letter in column (I).

       Column (I)                                         Column (II)

1.   D I G I T                                                 w b z b m

2.   T I G E R                                               m b z x k

3.   F E V E R                                               x k y o x

4.   G I T A R                                                m t z b k

5.   L I V E R                                                b e x o k

Keys:   1. w         2. m           3. y           4. z              5. e

Explanation:

If we compare question (1) & (2) we find that there are 3 alphabets (T, I, G)

Letter Coding Decoding:

Introduction:

For conveying secret messages from one place to another , especially in Defence Services, coding is used. The codes are based on various principles/patterns such that the message can be easily be deciphered at the other end. Now-a-days, in certain competitive examinations, such questions are given to judge the candidates intelligence and mental ability. They are required to encode and decode words and sentences after observing the pattern and principles involved. It is always easy to handle numbers than alphabet letters. So, if there is a set of questions on alphabet coding in the exam, it is better to use this table to decipher the code.

Left to Right

To Remember !    

Right to Left

To Remember !       

Series of Opposite Alphabets

Sum of the positional numbers of opposite letters in the alphabet is always 27.

TYPE 1:

Coding with Letters of Alphabet

In these questions, the letters of the alphabets are exclusively used. These letters do not stand for themselves but are alloted some artificial values based on some logical patters/analogies. By applying those principles or observing the patterns involved, the candidates are required to decode a coded words. These can be further classified into the following categories:

SImple Analogical Letter Coding

These are also called arbitrary codes. There are 2 definite principles/pattern involved. Codes are based on the analogy of one example from which different codes are to be formed.

Example 1:   If NETWORK is coded as O P C T R S Q, what can be coded as CROPS?

Solution        N   =   O                         C    =   T

                       E    =   P                         R    =   O

                       T     =   C     then           O    =   N

                      W    =    T                         P    =   E

                      O    =    R                         S    =   R

                      R    =    S

                      K    =   Q

                     Hence CROPS can be coded as TONER.

Example 2:   If INLAND is coded as BSTRSI, make codes of the following letters.

                       (1) IN            (2) LAND        (3) INN        (4) AND        (5) AN

                       (6) LAID

Solution        The coding is done as follows:

                       (1) BS          (2) TRSI          (3) BSS       (4) RSI          (5) RS

                       (6) TRBI

Example 3:   If SWFGHONTISO stands for OBSERVATION, code the following letters.

                       (1) RATION    (2) RATE     (3) SEAT      (4) NOT         (5) NOTE

                       (6) BEST

Soltuon         The coding is as follows:

                       (1) HNTISO      (2) HNTG    (3) PGNT    (4) OST        (5) OSTG

                       (6) WGFT

Example 4:  Column A contains certain words numbered from (1) to (6). Column B goes with the codes for column A,  but with different order. You have to match the words of column A with their respective coded word in column B. The pattern of coding used here is BLADES = CMBEFT.

Column (A)                                      Column (B)

(1) BASE                                          (1) CBE

(2) BALE                                          (2) CBTF

(3) SALE                                          (3) CFE

(4) SAD                                            (4) CBMF

(5) BAD                                            (5) TBE

(6) BED                                            (6) TBMF

Solution   A(1) B(2),   A(2) B (4),  A(3) B (6),  A(4) B(5),  A(5) B(1),   A(6)  B(3).

TYPE 2:

Letter Coding on Specific Pattern

In such questions, letters of alphabets are no doubt allotted artificial values but based on certain specific patterns/priciples. The candidates are required to first observe the specific pattern involved and then prceed with coding or decoding as the case may be.

Example 1  If POSTED is coded as DETSOP, how will be word SPEED be coded?

Solution      A careful observation of the above example will reveal that letters of the first word have been reversed

                     fig. required

                     Similarly,

                    fig. required

Example 2  If A = E, how will you code the following words?

                     (1) BLACK      (2) ACT    (3) BAT     (4) CADRE       (5) LOOT      (6) FOOL

  Solution:

Solution      (1) FPEGO     (2) EGX    (3) FEX     (4) GEHVI        (5) PSSX      (6) JSSP

Example 3  If CAT is coded as DEBCUV , how will you code RACE ?

SOlution      The pattern of coding is such that each letter has been allotted value of 2 letters following the sequence, i.e. A = BC, B = CD,  C = DE, etc.

Hence, the word RACE will be coded as STBCDEFG

BASED on the above principle, try to code the following.

(1) FATHER      (2) DATED    (3) LATE    (4) FAKES     (5) MAIN     (6) PLANE

Solution    (1) G H B C U V I J F G S T                           (2) E F B C U V F G E F

                   (3) M N B C U V F G                                       (4) G H B C L M F G T U

                   (5) N O B C J K O P                                        (6) Q R M N B C O P F G

Example 4  If EGHJKMKM is the code for FILL, how will you decode the following?

                     (1) QSDFRTSU       (2) SUDFKMKM         (3) EGDFDFKM

                     (4) CENPDFRT       (5) KMNPRTSU         (6) ACDFCERT

Solution      The pattern of coding is such that the sequence follows the letters in between. each pair of letters in the code.

                     Pattern is AC = B, BD= C, CE = D, etc.

                     (1) REST                 (2) TELL                   (3) FEEL

                     (4) DOES                (5) LOST                   (6) BEDS

TYPE 3:

Miscellaneous Types

Decoding the Rule Applied

This part of coding test required a careful examination of rules followed to code a certain word. Only after the analysis of the pattern applied in coding, you can decode them.

Example

Study the five different ways of coding marked (1), (2), (3), (4) & (5). A specific rule has been applied to codify each of them. Can you find out the rule of coding applied in the question that follows.

F R A N C E =       (1) N C E F R A

                                (2) F A C R N E

                                (3) E C N A R F

                                (4) A C E F N R

                                (5) F E R C A N

        WORD                                                       CODE

1. C A N A D A                                                  C N D A A A

2. K E N Y A                                                       K A E Y N

3. N A T I O N S                                                 S N O I T A N

4. V A N D A N A                                                V N  A A A D N

5. V A R D H M A N                                           N A M H D R A V

6. V A R I O U S                                                 A I O R S U V

7. C A R E E R                                                  E E R C A R

8. P O P U L A T I O N                                      P N O O P I U T L A

9. M E D I C I N E                                              M D C N E I I E

10. A P T I T U D E                                            A D E I P T T U

Answers:

1.  ( 2)        2. (5)        3. (3)        4. (2)           5. (3)           6.(4)             7.(1)       8. (5)        9. (2)          10.(4)

Explanations

The rules by which the different pattern of coding is made are as follows.

(1) The former part (FRA) gets transferred after the latter part (NCE). The coding is made in the order given below:

      image required

(2) The pattern is that every letters gets transferred on the adjacent line of the code.

     image required

(3) The sequence is the backward rearrangement of letter.

    image required

(4) The sequence is the rearrangement of letters with respect to the order of regular of alphabets.

    image required

(5) The first and the last letters are made the first two letters in the code the second and the fifth letter are made the third and fourth letters in the code the third and the fourth letters are made the last two letters respectively.

  image required

TYPE 4:

Contrasting and Making Comparisons

A set of words are given in column I and codes have been formed in column II. Here in such questions some alphabets/letter are underline in column I and the corresponding codes in column II has been jumbled up thus making the question more difficult to correspond. To find the formula to decode these type of question some logical rule/priciple is found by comparing or making contracts in all the questions. An examplehas been given below:

Example

In the following question the capital letters in column I are codified in small letters in column II. The small letters are not arranged in the same order on the capital letters. Study the column (I) and (II) together and determine the small letters for the corresponding underlined capital letter in column (I).

       Column (I)                                         Column (II)

1.   D I G I T                                                 w b z b m

2.   T I G E R                                               m b z x k

3.   F E V E R                                               x k y o x

4.   G I T A R                                                m t z b k

5.   L I V E R                                                b e x o k

Keys:   1. w         2. m           3. y           4. z              5. e

Explanation:

If we compare question (1) & (2) we find that there are 3 alphabets (T, I, G) common and there corresponding small letters will be (m, z, b) though not in the same order. This leaves us with (D and R) with small alphabets (w and k). Therefore, we have now,

Either w or k is D s code                                                                                         

Now, if we taken (2) and (3), we find that w is not present is column II of either (2) or (3) and D is not there in column II of either (2) & (3) the or conclude that D = w and therefore R = k.

Now, carrying on with this finding, we see in question (3) and (5) there are two common elements in column I, V, E & R. Since E comes twice in (3), therefore code for E = x which leads to V = o and F =y in question is (1), I comes twice, this leads to I = b. So we are left with T and G which are either z or m.

Now, we cannot conclude anything more from these clues, but can fit in above observation to see what relation capital letters have with small letters.